Annotated Bibliography
Blackwell, Gordon W. "Talk to Student Assembly." Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. Civil Rights Greensboro. Web. 17 May 2014. <http://library.uncg.edu/dp/crg/item.aspx?i=246>.
This speech by Gordon William Blackwell, Chancellor of Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, was presented to his students on February 9, 1960. In the speech, he discouraged students from participating in sit-ins because he felt it made the situation worse and gave the school a bad name. This speech was a reliable primary source about views against sit-ins and provided information about some challenges the students who participated in sit-ins faced from adults.
Carson, Clayborne. "American Civil Rights Movement." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/119368/American-civil-rights-movement>.This website was beneficial in my research because I was able to use it towards general information that confirmed information I also found on many other websites. However, it didn't contain a large amount of information.
"Freedom Rides." Martin Luther King Jr. and The Global Freedom Struggle. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_freedom_rides/>.I found this source to be one of the most beneficial sources it had a large amount of information on the Freedom Rides, how they were organized, and their effects on the world.
"Freedom To Travel." Freedom Riders. PBS, n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/issues/freedom-to-travel>.This source was helpful with finding the significance and effects the Freedom Rides had on America. It had important specifics dates that were very beneficial to my research.
Lifson, Amy. "Freedom Riders." National Endowment for the Humanities. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://www.neh.gov/humanities/2011/mayjune/feature/freedom-riders>.While this website provided me with a lot of information on Freedom Rides and how the Youth was a major part in the Civil Rights Movement, it also provided me with many pictures associated with these events.
Martin Luther King Jr. and children. Digital image. Little Passports. Little Passports, 2009. Web. <http://www.littlepassports.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/MLK-wkids.jpg>.
This site had a picture of Martin Luther King Jr. with children. It was used for emphasis on how Martin Luther King Jr. thought that children were important in the fight for civil rights, and how American youth impacted segregation.
New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection. No. RAP020204. Digital image. American Memory. Library of Congress, 1960. Web. 17 May 2014. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/AMALL:@field%28NUMBER+@band%28cph+3c14749%29%29>.
This picture was an image of a group of students participating in a sit-down at the Woolworth store in Greensboro, North Carolina. This image is a primary source and was useful because it was an actual picture taken during one of the sit-ins.
Sykes, Marvin. "A&T Students Launch 'Sit Down' Demand For Service at Downtown Lunch Counter." The Greensboro Record 2 Feb. 1960, sec. B: 1.<http://www.sitins.com/2feb1960.pdf>
This was a newspaper article published in Greensboro that talked about the Greensboro sit-ins at the Woolworth Lunch Counter. It was a reliable primary source that provided a picture and showed how sit-ins had made enough of an impact to be put in the newspaper.
"The Freedom Riders." Teaching Tolerance. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://www.tolerance.org/lesson/freedom-riders>.I found this source very helpful but different way. At the top of the page it has essential questions and objectives all related to the Freedom Rides that greatly helped me to formulate research questions and starting points.
UShistory.org. "The Sit-In Movement." UShistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 2008. Web. 17 May 2014. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/54d.asp>.
This site had general information on sit-ins, but was also more specific. It was very reliable and helpful because it gave information on what students would do during a sit-in and what different organizations students created.
Wikipedia. "Greensboro Sit-ins." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Nov. 2014. Web. 16 May 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greensboro_sit-ins>.
This site gave a basic overview on the Greensboro sit-ins and the impact they had on society. It was a mostly reliable source and was useful to gain a basic understanding of one of the first sit-ins conducted in the South. It also provided pictures of the Woolworth store as it looks today and a statue of students that participated in the sit-ins.
Wikipedia. "Sit-in." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 May 2014. Web. 17 May 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit-in>.
This site had general information on the sit-in movement and the major sit-ins that took place. This source was mostly reliable and helpful because it gave a basic overview on sit-ins that helped with the first step in understanding the topic.
Anderson, Dale. Freedom Riders: Campaign for Equality. Minneapolis: Compass Point Brooks, 2008. Print.
This book recounted mostly of what the freedom riders did specifically on their campaign for equality. However, we were able to glean significant information of what and how youth specifically did to impact the Civil Rights Movement and made the freedom riders campaign a turning point.
McNeese, Tim. The Civil Rights Movement: Serving for Justice. New York: Chelsea House, 2008. Print.
A large portion of this novel told about what occurred during the sit in movement and how exactly sit ins changed the South. This novel was significant to this project by informing us of what the federal government did to back these protests and make the legitimate.
Wormser, Richard. "The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow." PBS. PBS, 2002. Web. 23 May 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_plessy.html>.
This provided us with background of the history of Jim Crow and how it's history would eventually contribute to his defeat.
"Brown v. Board of Education." PBS. PBS, 2002. Web. 23 May 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_brown.html>.
This article described the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education and how it connected to the direct unfolding of the Little Rock Nine controversy. PBS offered a number of useful resources, links and videos to which helped us develop a much better understanding of the issue.
Bland, Kay. "Little Rock Nine - Encyclopedia of Arkansas." Little Rock Nine - Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Arkansas Studies Institute, 2014. Web. 23 May 2014.
<http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=72>.
This website provided background on the Little Rock Nine and how it unfolded. Not only was this website act as an informative resource but provided us with a series of educational tools to help better our understanding of what these nine students stood for and how they impacted the South as a whole.
King, Martin Luther, Jr. "I Have a Dream (28 August 1963)." I Have a Dream (28 August 1963). Standford University, 2006. Web. 20 May 2014.
<http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_i_have_a_dream_28_august_1963/>.
This website provided us with quotations out of Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech which highlighted the goals of the Civil Rights Movement while envisioning a goal for a future America where all men are considered to be equal. This was useful in deciphering where exactly youth fit into the main scheme set forth by Martin Luther King Jr. and fellow civil rights activists.
Marquette, University. "Little Rock Nine." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 01 June 2014.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodolEmUg2g>.
This video link was intricate to developing a cohesive argument toward how the supreme court empowered the Little Rock Nine to change the course of history.
This speech by Gordon William Blackwell, Chancellor of Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, was presented to his students on February 9, 1960. In the speech, he discouraged students from participating in sit-ins because he felt it made the situation worse and gave the school a bad name. This speech was a reliable primary source about views against sit-ins and provided information about some challenges the students who participated in sit-ins faced from adults.
Carson, Clayborne. "American Civil Rights Movement." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/119368/American-civil-rights-movement>.This website was beneficial in my research because I was able to use it towards general information that confirmed information I also found on many other websites. However, it didn't contain a large amount of information.
"Freedom Rides." Martin Luther King Jr. and The Global Freedom Struggle. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_freedom_rides/>.I found this source to be one of the most beneficial sources it had a large amount of information on the Freedom Rides, how they were organized, and their effects on the world.
"Freedom To Travel." Freedom Riders. PBS, n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/issues/freedom-to-travel>.This source was helpful with finding the significance and effects the Freedom Rides had on America. It had important specifics dates that were very beneficial to my research.
Lifson, Amy. "Freedom Riders." National Endowment for the Humanities. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://www.neh.gov/humanities/2011/mayjune/feature/freedom-riders>.While this website provided me with a lot of information on Freedom Rides and how the Youth was a major part in the Civil Rights Movement, it also provided me with many pictures associated with these events.
Martin Luther King Jr. and children. Digital image. Little Passports. Little Passports, 2009. Web. <http://www.littlepassports.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/MLK-wkids.jpg>.
This site had a picture of Martin Luther King Jr. with children. It was used for emphasis on how Martin Luther King Jr. thought that children were important in the fight for civil rights, and how American youth impacted segregation.
New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection. No. RAP020204. Digital image. American Memory. Library of Congress, 1960. Web. 17 May 2014. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/AMALL:@field%28NUMBER+@band%28cph+3c14749%29%29>.
This picture was an image of a group of students participating in a sit-down at the Woolworth store in Greensboro, North Carolina. This image is a primary source and was useful because it was an actual picture taken during one of the sit-ins.
Sykes, Marvin. "A&T Students Launch 'Sit Down' Demand For Service at Downtown Lunch Counter." The Greensboro Record 2 Feb. 1960, sec. B: 1.<http://www.sitins.com/2feb1960.pdf>
This was a newspaper article published in Greensboro that talked about the Greensboro sit-ins at the Woolworth Lunch Counter. It was a reliable primary source that provided a picture and showed how sit-ins had made enough of an impact to be put in the newspaper.
"The Freedom Riders." Teaching Tolerance. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 May 2014. <http://www.tolerance.org/lesson/freedom-riders>.I found this source very helpful but different way. At the top of the page it has essential questions and objectives all related to the Freedom Rides that greatly helped me to formulate research questions and starting points.
UShistory.org. "The Sit-In Movement." UShistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 2008. Web. 17 May 2014. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/54d.asp>.
This site had general information on sit-ins, but was also more specific. It was very reliable and helpful because it gave information on what students would do during a sit-in and what different organizations students created.
Wikipedia. "Greensboro Sit-ins." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Nov. 2014. Web. 16 May 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greensboro_sit-ins>.
This site gave a basic overview on the Greensboro sit-ins and the impact they had on society. It was a mostly reliable source and was useful to gain a basic understanding of one of the first sit-ins conducted in the South. It also provided pictures of the Woolworth store as it looks today and a statue of students that participated in the sit-ins.
Wikipedia. "Sit-in." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 May 2014. Web. 17 May 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit-in>.
This site had general information on the sit-in movement and the major sit-ins that took place. This source was mostly reliable and helpful because it gave a basic overview on sit-ins that helped with the first step in understanding the topic.
Anderson, Dale. Freedom Riders: Campaign for Equality. Minneapolis: Compass Point Brooks, 2008. Print.
This book recounted mostly of what the freedom riders did specifically on their campaign for equality. However, we were able to glean significant information of what and how youth specifically did to impact the Civil Rights Movement and made the freedom riders campaign a turning point.
McNeese, Tim. The Civil Rights Movement: Serving for Justice. New York: Chelsea House, 2008. Print.
A large portion of this novel told about what occurred during the sit in movement and how exactly sit ins changed the South. This novel was significant to this project by informing us of what the federal government did to back these protests and make the legitimate.
Wormser, Richard. "The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow." PBS. PBS, 2002. Web. 23 May 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_plessy.html>.
This provided us with background of the history of Jim Crow and how it's history would eventually contribute to his defeat.
"Brown v. Board of Education." PBS. PBS, 2002. Web. 23 May 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_brown.html>.
This article described the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education and how it connected to the direct unfolding of the Little Rock Nine controversy. PBS offered a number of useful resources, links and videos to which helped us develop a much better understanding of the issue.
Bland, Kay. "Little Rock Nine - Encyclopedia of Arkansas." Little Rock Nine - Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Arkansas Studies Institute, 2014. Web. 23 May 2014.
<http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=72>.
This website provided background on the Little Rock Nine and how it unfolded. Not only was this website act as an informative resource but provided us with a series of educational tools to help better our understanding of what these nine students stood for and how they impacted the South as a whole.
King, Martin Luther, Jr. "I Have a Dream (28 August 1963)." I Have a Dream (28 August 1963). Standford University, 2006. Web. 20 May 2014.
<http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_i_have_a_dream_28_august_1963/>.
This website provided us with quotations out of Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech which highlighted the goals of the Civil Rights Movement while envisioning a goal for a future America where all men are considered to be equal. This was useful in deciphering where exactly youth fit into the main scheme set forth by Martin Luther King Jr. and fellow civil rights activists.
Marquette, University. "Little Rock Nine." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 01 June 2014.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodolEmUg2g>.
This video link was intricate to developing a cohesive argument toward how the supreme court empowered the Little Rock Nine to change the course of history.